Na boleng ba libotlolo tsa khalase tse tsoang linaheng tse ling bo ka tiisetsoa?

Boleng ba libotlolo tsa khalase tse tsoang kantle ho naha esale e le e 'ngoe ea litaba tsa bohlokoa tseo bareki ba amehileng ka tsona. Jwalo ka khamphani e ikgethileng tlhahisong le kantle ho naha ea libotlolo tsa khalase,re ikemiselitse ho fa bareki lihlahisoa le litšebeletso tsa boleng bo holimo le tse tšepahalang.

Taba ea pele,libotlolo tsa rona tsa khalaseLi disampole khafetsa 'me li romeloa mekhatlong e fapaneng ea liteko e nang le matla a motho oa boraro joalo ka LFGB, TUV, le SGS bakeng sa liteko, ka sekhahla sa ho pasa sa 100% bakeng sa liteko. Haeba u hloka mangolo a amehang, ka kopo tobetsa mona ho a fumana.

Taba ea bobeli, re na le mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa, ho kenyeletsoa lisampole tsa libotlolo tsa veine tse fetang 1700+, tse akaretsang bokhoni bo fapaneng, libopeho le mebala ho fihlela litlhoko le litlhoko tsa bareki ba fapaneng. Haeba u hloka lethathamo la lihlahisoa,ka kopo tobetsa mona ho ikopanya le rona.

Sa boraro, re nka bohlokwa bo boholo hophano ea lihlahisoale ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa ho tlisa thepa ka nako e nepahetseng le e nepahetseng ho bareki. Re sebelisana 'moho le bareki ba bangatalik'hamphani tsa machaba tsa thepa ea thepaho fa bareki litharollo tse tenyetsehang tsa thepa, ho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa li tlisoa ho bareki ka nako le ka bongata bo hlokahalang.lits'ebeletso tsa thepae akaretsa linaha le libaka tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara 'me e ka fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa bareki ba kantle ho naha.

Qetellong, re na le bokgoni bo matla ba ho romela thepa kantle ho naha le boiphihlelo bo bongata ba ho romela thepa kantle ho naha, mme re ka fa bareki ditshebeletso tsa profeshenale tsa ho romela thepa kantle ho naha.melao ea khoebo ea machabale melao le melawana e amehang, mme e ka fa bareki ditherisano tse felletseng tsa ho romela thepa kantle ho naha le tshehetso. Kgwebo ya rona ya ho romela thepa kantle ho naha e akaretsa dinaha le dibaka tse ngata, ho kenyeletswa le Yuropa,amerika e leboea,amerika e boroa, Asia, jj., mme e na le boiphihlelo bo bongata ba ho romela thepa kantle ho naha le melemo ya mehlodi.

In khamphani ea rona,khotsofalo ea barekike ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho rona. Re ikemiselitse ho fa bareki lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo le tse tšepahalang lelits'ebeletsoho netefatsa hore bareki ba khotsofetse mme ba tšepa lets'oao la rona. Haeba u na le lipotso kapa litlhoko mabapi le lihlahisoa le lits'ebeletso tsa rona, ka kopo ikutloe u lokolohile ho ikopanya le ronasehlopha sa tšebeletso ea bareki, 'me re tla thabela ho u thusa.

Ka tlase ke melao le melawana e meng e amehang mabapi le libotlolo tsa khalase Chaena le linaheng tse ling, e leng se tla tlisa bokamoso bo khanyang bakeng sa libotlolo tsa khalase.

Chaena, mafapha a fapaneng a amehang a na le letoto la melaoana e hlakileng le e thata le mekhoa ea tsamaiso bakeng sa ho paka, ho hlahisa le ho sebelisa libotlolo tsa khalase. Tse ling tsa tse ka sehloohong ke tsena:

1. “Molao oa Polokeho ea Lijo”: Molao ona o bolela hore libotlolo tsa khalase tse sebelisetsoang metsi a nooang, joala, lijo le merero e meng li lokela ho fihlela litekanyetso tse loketseng tsa polokeho.
2. “Tekanyetso ea Indasteri ea Botlolo ea Khalase”: Tekanyetso ena e hlalosa litlhoko tsa motheo, lihlopha, boholo,tlhahlobo ea 'mele, ho tšoaea, ho paka, polokelo, le likarolo tse ling tsa libotlolo tsa khalase.
3. “Mehato ea Tsamaiso ea Laesense ea Tlhahiso ea Botlolo ea Khalase”: Tekanyetso ena e bolela hore likhoebo tsa tlhahiso ea botlolo ea khalase li tlameha ho ba le laesense ea tlhahiso le ho theha litsamaiso tsa tsamaiso bakeng sa kopo ea laesense, tumello, phetoho, ho hlakola, jj.
4. “Melawana ea Tlhahlobo ea Botlolo ea Khalase”: Molao ona o hlalosa lintho tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa libotlolo tsa khalase, ho kenyeletsoa ponahalo, boholo, thepa ea 'mele, thepa ea lik'hemik'hale, thepa ea mahlo, le litlhoko tse ling.
5. "Mehato ea Tsamaiso bakeng sa ho Sebelisa Hape leTšebelisoea Libotlolo tsa Khalase”: Tekanyo ena e hlalosatsamaiso ea tsamaisobakeng sa ho sebelisa hape le ho sebelisa libotlolo tsa khalase, ho kenyeletsoa lelitlhoko tsa mangolo a thutoea litsi tsa ho sebelisa lintho tse nchafalitsoeng, polokeho letsamaiso ea bohloekinakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho sebelisa hape, ho hlopha, ho boloka le ho tsamaisa libotlolo tsa khalase tse sebelisitsoeng hape, le litlhoko tse ling.

Phetolelo: Ho ya ka “Tekanyetso ea Indasteribakeng sa Libotlolo tsa Khalase” (GB/T 19673-2019), dikahare tse latelang mabapi le ditlhoko tsa motheo, tlhophiso, ditekanyo,tlhahlobo ea 'mele, ho ngola mabitso, ho paka, polokelo le likarolo tse ling tsa libotlolo tsa khalase li boletsoe:

1. Litlhoko tsa motheo: Libotlolo tsa khalase li lokela ho fihlelamaemo a polokeho ea naha, ha li na liphoso tse kholo, 'me bokaholimo ba tsona bo lokela ho ba boreledi, bo hloekileng, 'me bo se na mengoapo, lipululana le mapetso.
2. Tlhophiso: Libotlolo tsa khalase li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e meraro ho latela morero oa tsona, sebopeho le lintlha tse ling, ho kenyeletsoamofuta oa molomo,mofuta oa bokhoni, le mofuta oa morero o khethehileng.
3. Litekanyo: Tse tsamaellananglitekanyetso tsa boholobakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea libotlolo tsa khalase ho boletsoe, ho kenyeletsoabophara ba molomo, bophahamo, bophara ba tlase, le bophahamo.
4. Tlhahlobo ea 'mele: Sena se kenyelletsa lintlha tse kangtlhahlobo ea ponahalo,tlhahlobo ea boholo,tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea 'mele, tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea optical, jj.
5. Ho ngolwa ha dibotlolo: Dikahare le sebaka sa ho ngolwa ha dibotlolo tsa khalase di boletswe, ho kenyeletswa lebitso la moetsi, dibopeho tsa mohlala, bophahamo, boima ba nnete le boleng.
6. Sephutheloana: Thelitlhoko tsa ho pakabakeng sa libotlolo tsa khalase ho boletsoe, ho kenyeletsoa le thepa ea ho paka,mekhoa ea ho pakaleho ngolla liphutheloana.
7. Polokelo: Litlhoko tsa polokelo bakeng sa libotlolo tsa khalase li boletsoe, ho kenyeletsoa libaka tsa polokelo, mekhoa ea polokelo le linako tsa polokelo.

Ho phaella moo, ho ya ka "Melawana ya Tlhahlobo ya Botlolo ya Khalase" (GB/T 19431-2019), ditlhoko le dintlha tsa dintho tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa dibotlolo tsa khalase, ho kenyeletswa ponahalo, boholo, tshebetso ya mmele,ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, tshebetso ya optical, jj., di boletswe ka tsela e latelang:

1. Tlhahlobo ea ponahalo: Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlahloba hore na'mele oa botloloe bataletse, hore na ho na le diphoso tse kang dipululana, mapetso, mengwapo, jj., le hore na boholo le dibopeho tsamolomo oa botlolo, tlase, le likarolo tse ling li fihlela maemo.
2. Tlhahlobo ea litekanyo: Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlahloba hore na litekanyo, tse kang bophara ba molomo, bophahamo, bophara ba tlase le bophahamo, li fihlela maemo, le hore nadibopeho tsa jeometri, tse kang ho teteana ha molomo le ho otloloha ha 'mele oa botlolo, li fihlela maemo.
3. Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea 'mele: Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlahloba matla a 'mele oa botlolo, ho hanyetsa mocheso,ho hanyetsa serame, khanyetso ea phetoho ea mocheso,ho hanyetsa mocheso, le lintlha tse ling.
4. Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale: Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlahloba botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa mafome, ho qhibiliha ha tsona, le likarolo tse ling tsa botlolo ea khalase.
5. Tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea mahlo: Sena se kenyelletsa ho hlahlobaphetiso ea leselile chromaticity ea botlolo ea khalase.

Ho feta moo, melawana ena e boetse e totobatsamekhoa ea tlhahlobole maemo,mekhoa ea kahlolobakeng sa liphetho tsa tlhahlobo, le litlhoko tsa lirekoto le litlaleho tsa tlhahlobo. Lintho tsena tsa tlhahlobo le melaoana li ikemiselitse ho netefatsa boleng le polokeho ea libotlolo tsa khalase le ho fana katšehetso e tšepahalang ea botekgenikibakeng sa tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea libotlolo tsa khalase.

Phetolelo: Tlhahlobo lemaemo a tekobakeng sa libotlolo tsa khalase li ka fapana linaheng le libakeng tse fapaneng. Mona ke litekanyetso tse ling tse amehang le lintlha tse tobileng bakeng sa linaha kapa libaka tse ling:

1. Kopano ea Linaha tsa Europe (EU): EU e bua haholo kamaemo a machabatse kang ISO 719 le ISO 718 bakeng sa tlhahlobo le liteko tsa libotlolo tsa khalase. Ho phaella moo, EU e boetse e ntlafalitse maemo a mang bakeng sa mefuta e itseng ea libotlolo tsa khalase, joalo ka Melao ea Khalase ea Meriana (EP), Maemo a Botlolo ea Veine (DIN 228), Maemo a Botlolo ea Khalase ea Lijo (DIN 6120), jj.
2. United States: Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi ea US (FDA) e ntšitse letoto la litekanyetso bakeng sa libotlolo tsa khalase, ho kenyeletsoa le litlhoko tsa tlhahiso, liphutheloana, mabitso, polokelo le lipalangoang. Ho phaella moo, mekhatlo e meng ea poraefete US e ntlafalitse litekanyetso tsa liteko bakeng sa libotlolo tsa khalase, joalo kaSetsi sa ho Paka Khalase(GPI) leMokhatlo oa Naha oa Khalase(NGCA).
3. Japane: Japane e ntlafalitse maemo a libotlolo tsa khalase tsa meriana, ho kenyeletsoa le JIS R3501 le JIS R3502. Ho phaella moo, Japane e boetse e thehile maemo le melawana e meng bakeng sa ho paka, ho ngola mabitso, ho boloka le ho tsamaisa libotlolo tsa khalase.
4. Australia:MoaustraliaStandards Bureau e ntlafalitse letoto la maemo a AS/NZS 2233, ho kenyeletsoa AS/NZS 2233.1, AS/NZS 2233.2, jj., tse hlalosang ditlhoko tsa boholo ba botlolo ya khalase, botenya, bophahamo, tshebetso ya mmele,ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, jj.

Har'a tsona, Tekanyetso ea Botlolo ea Veine (DIN 228) ke e 'ngoe ea litekanyetso tsa Europe bakeng sa libotlolo tsa veine, e sebetsang tlhahisong le tšebelisong ea libotlolo tse fapaneng tsa veine. Tekanyetso e totobatsa lintlha tse tobileng tsa sebopeho sa botlolo, boholo, bokhoni, thepa lelitlhoko tsa boleng, ho kenyeletsoa:

1. Sebopeho: Libotlolo tsa veine li lokela ho ba selikalikoe, molomo o otlolohileng o bōpehileng joaloka moqomo le karolo e ka tlase e bataletseng kapa e ka hare ho sekhutlo.
2. Boholo: Boholo ba libotlolo tsa veine bo lokela ho latela maemo, ho kenyeletsoa lebophara ba molomo, bophahamo, bophara ba tlase, jj.
3. Bokgoni: Bokgoni ba dibotlolo tsa veine bo lokela ho latela maemo a tlwaelehileng, hangata dilithara tse 0.25, dilithara tse 0.5, dilithara tse 0.75, lithara e le 1, dilithara tse 1.5, dilithara tse 2, jj.
4. Thepa: Libotlolo tsa veine li lokela ho etsoa ka thepa ea khalase, e ka bang e bonaletsang, e mosehla, e tala, jj., empa li lokela ho latela maemo a naha a amehang.
5. Litlhoko tsa boleng: Libotlolo tsa veine ha lia lokela ho ba le liphoso tse kholo, li be le bokaholimo bo boreleli le bo hloekileng, 'me li se na liphoso tse kang lipululana, mapetso le mengoapo. Ho phaella moo, boima ba libotlolo tsa veine bo lokela ho latela maemo, 'me botenya ba khalase bo lokela ho latela maemo a amehang.maemo a nahaho netefatsa matla a botlolo.

Tekanyetso ea Botlolo ea Veine (DIN 228) le eona e totobatsa litlhoko tsa boleng bakeng sa libotlolo tsa veine, ho kenyeletsoa le boima ba botlolo. Haholo-holo, bakeng sa750 mlbotlolo ea veine,boima bo tlasee lokela ho ba digrama tse 300, mme boima bo boholo e lokela ho ba digrama tse 700. Bakeng sa dibotlolo tsa veine tsa bokgoni bo bong, boima bo bonyane le bo boholo bo lokela ho lokiswa ka nepo ho ya ka boholo ba bokgoni.

Ho phaella moo,Tekanyetso ea Botlolo ea Veine(DIN 228) e boetse e totobatsa botenya ba khalase ea libotlolo tsa veine ho netefatsa matla a botlolo. Haholo-holo, bakeng sa libotlolo tsa veine tsa boholo bo fapaneng, botenya bo fokolang le bo boholo bo boletsoe.

Ka bokhutšoanyane, Tekanyetso ea Botlolo ea Veine (DIN 228) e na le lipehelo tse khethehileng bakeng sa boima le botenya ba khalase ea libotlolo tsa veine ho netefatsa boleng le polokeho ea tsona. Tekanyetso keTekanyetso ea Sejeremanemme e ka bonwa le ho fumanwa webosaeteng ya semmuso ya Setsi sa Jeremane sa Maemo a Tloaelehileng (DIN). Mehato e tobileng ke e latelang:

1. Bulawebsaete ea semmusoea Setsi sa Jeremane saHo leka-lekanya maemo(DIN), aterese ea sebaka sa marang-rang kehttps://www.din.de.
2. Kenya “DIN 228″ ka har'alebokose la ho batlaleqepheng la lapeng ebe o tobetsa konopo ea ho batla.
3. Leqepheng la liphetho tsa lipatlisiso, fumana "Flaschen für alkoholische Getränke; Flaschen für Wein und Schaumwein; Flaschenformen und -größen" (lebitso la Sejeremane la maemo a botlolo ea veine) 'me u tobetse ho lona.
4. Kamora ho kena leqepheng le qaqileng la tekanyetso, o ka fumana dikahare tse felletseng tsa tekanyetso kakhoasollo e lefelletsoeng,ho shebella inthaneteng, kapa peeletso.

Webosaete ea semmuso eaSetsi sa Jeremane sa Maemo(DIN) e ngolwa haholo-holo ka Sejeremane, kahoo ho hlokahala boemo bo itseng ba bokgoni ba ho bala Sejeremane. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho fumana puo e tloaelehileng webosaeteng hangata ho hloka tefo, mme ditefiso le mekgwa e itseng di ka botswa webosaeteng.

Ha ho bapisoa le maemo a naha a molao, maemo a Jeremane (DIN 228) a batla a pharaletse ebile a na le matla. Ka hona, tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tsa rona tse romelloang kantle ho naha li fetile litekong tsa LFGB, ho kenyeletsoa libotlolo tsa khalase, likhetla tsa libotlolo, likhetla tsa lehlaka, lelitiiso tsa rabaraFeme ea rona e boetse e fetisitse liteko le setifikeiti sa litsi tse ngata tsa liteko tse nang le tumello tsa mokha oa boraro tse kang SGS, TUV, leIntertekho netefatsa hore lihlahisoa tsa rona li fihlela boleng bo loketseng lemaemo a polokeho.